Kwanduza amazi bituma igiciro cyayo gikomeza kuzamuka

Bamwe mu banyarwanda batuye cyangwa abagenda mu ntara y'amajyepfo n'iy'uburengerazuba ntibumva uburyo amazi ahenda kandi ari menshi mu gihugu. Babishingira kuko bahabona migezi,amazi ameneka ku mavomero gakondo,imvura ihora igwa. Hagati aho ariko abashakashatsi bo bakaba bagaragaza ko mu Rwanda hari ukwanduza amazi gukomeye gushobora gutuma igiciro cyayo gikomeza kwiyongera ndetse kwanagira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri 2019 na Valentine Mukanyandwi na bagenzi be(Alishir Kurban & Egide Hakorimana & Lamek Nahayo & Gabriel Habiyaremye & Aboubakar Gasirabo & Theoneste Sindikubwabo) bwari bugamije gusuzuma ubwiza bw’amazi akoreshwa mu Rwanda bwagaragaje amazi yo mu Rwanda agaragaramo ubwandu bukabije bushingiye  ku bwinshi bw’abaturage, kwagura inganda n’imijyi, imyanda idakwiye n’imicungire y’amazi mabi, ubukana bw’imvura nyinshi, hamwe n’ubutumburuke bukabije bw’igihugu.

Kuri ibyo hiyongeraho kandi sisitemu mbi y’imyanda no gukoresha imisarani rusange hamwe n’ibyobo by’imyanda iva mu misarani haba mu cyaro no mu mijyi. Ibi bikaba byari byanagaragajwe n’umushakashatsi Aboniyo J. na bagenzi be mu mwaka wa 2017.

Abashakashatsi bakaba bagira, bati « Ubwiza bw’amazi yo mu Rwanda bubangamiwe n’imyanda iva mu bantu, ibikorwa by’inganda n’ubuhinzi, n’ikirere gihindagurika gitera umuyaga mwinshi kandi uhindura imiterere y’imvura, bigira ingaruka ku bintu biboneka mu mazi ».

Ku birebana n’uburyo amazi aba yanduye, abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda, muri 2011, bari bagaragaje ko amazi akunze kugaragaramo ubutare,icyuma, manganeze, umuringa, zenki byo ku rugero rwo hejuru ku buryo ataba akwiye kunyobwa atyo, adatunganyijwe.

Dufatanye Israël, umukozi mu kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (REMA), avuga ko hari n’ibindi byanduza amazi ariko abantu batajya batekerezaho . Ibyo ngo ni nka ya miti ikoreshwa mu kumesa imisatsi no kuyidefuriza (za ashampo,..), amavuta ava muri za moteri z’imodoka cyangwa imashini, kwituma ku gasozi ku bantu cyangwa ku nyamaswa, kubaka ubwiherero mu bishanga, imyanda iva mu nzu zogosha abantu,…

Muri 2019, Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Amazi n’Amashyamba (Rwanda Water And Forestry Authority)na cyo cyagaragaje ko ubwiza bw’amazi mu Rwanda bwibasiwe cyane cyane n’ibintu biterwa n’abantu, nk’isuri iva mu buhinzi n’ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, kubura ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi mabi, gukoresha imiti yica udukoko n’ifumbire itaboze uko bikwiye.

Ukwaguka kw’imijyi mu Rwanda, impungenge ku kwandura kw’amzi gukabije

Ubushakashatsi bwa Rwanda Water And Forestry Authority bwashyizwe ahagaragara muri 2019 bugaragaza ko nubwo Guverinoma y'u Rwanda, ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo hamwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe Amazi,Isuku  n’Isukura (WASAC) n’Umujyi wa Kigali bafite ingamba zo guhangana n’imicungire y’amazi yanduye mu mijyi, cyane cyane mu Mujyi wa Kigali, mu rwego rwo kurushaho kunoza isuku yo mu mijyi kimwe no kurengera ibidukikije, ikibazo cy’amazi yakoreshejwe (yanduye) aturuka ahantu hatandukanye nko mu nganda, ibigo bya leta n’iby’abikorera kimwe no mu ngo gikomeje kugaragara henshi mu mijyi yose yo mu gihugu. Ibi bishingiye ku kuba imijyi y'igihugu yagiye ikura vuba mu myaka yashize, Umujyi wa Kigali ukaba uwa mbere ukurikirwa n'imijyi iwungirije (Huye, Muhanga, Musanze, Rubavu, Nyagatare na Rusizi).

Rwanda Water And Forestry Authority iti « Nubwo ubukure bw’iyi mijyi bugaragara mu buryo butandukanye nk’iterambere ryiza, bushobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije, cyane cyane ku mazi yo hejuru ndetse n’amazi yo mu butaka. » Iki kigo kigaragaza impungenge ko amahoteri, amashuri n’inyubako z’ububiko nyinshi byitwa ko bifite uburyo bwo kubika no gutunganya imyanda, ariko ikibabaje ari uko akenshi usanga amazi byakoresheje, yanduye birangira agarutse mu bidukikije.

Ikiguzi cyo gutunganya amazi gikubye kabiri ayo umuturage yishyura

Rutagungira Methode, Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe gukwirakwiza amazi mu mujyi wa Kigali mu Kigo gishinzwe Amazi, Isuku n’Isukura WASAC, avuga ko gutunganya meterokibe y’amazi bitwara amafaranga ari hagati ya 750 n’1200. Ati « Amazi yose ntatunganywa kimwe, ndetse n’ibiyagendaho biratandukanye. Biterwa n’amazi agomba gutunganywa uko ameze. Gusa aho dutanga make ni 750 naho ubundi bishobora no kuzamuka bikaba byagera ku mafaranga 1200 kuri meterokibe ».

Mu mvugo ye, humvikanamo ko uko amazi yanduye ari na ko kuyatunganya bitwara amafaranga menshi. Ibi bituma umuntu atatinya kwemeza ko igiciro cyayo na cyo kitagabanuka mu gihe amazi yaba akomeje kwanduzwa cyane. Ni kenshi abakoresha amazi atunganywa na WASAC batahwemye kugaragaza ko igiciro cyayo gihanitse. Ku bakoresha meterokibe zitarenze eshanu ku kwezi, igiciro ni amafaranga 340(hatarimo umusoro) kuri meterokibe imwe.Ku bakoresha hagati ya meterokibe 6-20 ni amafaranga 720.  Ikinyuranyo cy’amafaranga ari hagati yo kuyatunganya n’ayo umuturage yishyura kikaba gitangwa na Leta.

Ingaruka ku bantu

Uretse kandi kuba kwanduza amazi bituma ikiguzi cyo kuyatunganya gikomeza kuzamuka, maze abayakoresha na bo bagasabwa kwishyura menshi, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Omara Timothy na bagenzi be bugaragaza ko kuba hari ibyuma biremereye bifite ubumara mu mazi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwa muntu nko gutera kanseri, kunanirwa kw’impyiko, kwangirika k’umwijima, indwara zifata umutima ndetse n’urupfu.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, ishami rya siyansi mu 2011 na bwo bwerekanye ko imyanda y’abantu n’inyamaswa (kwituma ku gasazi) yanduza amazi.  Buti “Mu gihe cy'imvura,…za mikorobe ziri mu mabyi zishobora gutembera mu nzuzi, mu migezi, ibiyaga, cyangwa  zigacengera mu mazi yo mu butaka”.  Abakoze ubu bushakashatsi bagaragaza  ko iyo ayo mazi akoreshwa nk’isoko y’amazi yo kunywa izo mikorobe zijya mu mubiri w’abayanywa mu gihe bayanyoye adatunganyije.

Hakwiye kubaho kwirinda kwanduza amazi

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku kwanduza amazi, hafi ya bwose, bugaragaza ko hari ukwanduza amazi kudatewe n’abantu ndetse n’uguturuka ku bantu. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ibikorwa n’abantu, abashakashatsi bagiye batanga inama zitandukanye zirimo nko kudata amarangi, amavuta cyangwa indi myanda mu mazi. Kwitondera kudakoresha cyane imiti yica udukoko n’ifumbire itaboze neza. Hari kandi kwirinda kwituma ku gasozi, kwirinda kohereza mu migezi amazi ava mu binamba byogerezwamo imodoka, kudacukura imisarani n’ibindi byobo bijyamo amazi yanduye ahantu h’igishanga, …

Itegeko n°48/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 ribuza guhumanya amazi rikagena ibihano

Itegeko n°48/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 rigenga ibidukikije, mu ngingo yaryo ya 12, rivuga ko umutungo kamere w’amazi ugomba kurindwa ubuhumane aho bwaturuka hose.

Ingingo ya 37 y’iri tegeko ivuga ko Leta ifite ishingano zo kurinda no kubungabunga amazi no guteza imbere isukura. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa izo nshingano yibanda kuri ibi bikurikira: 1° gushyiraho ubwiherero rusange mu rwego rwo kwimakaza isuku; 2° gushyiraho ingamba zihamye, zerekeye imicungire y’isuku mu nyubako, ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, ku mihanda no mu ngo; 3° gushyiraho amabwiriza agenga ingomero z’amazi, ibitembo by’imyanda, aho imyanda itemba ijya, ibimoteri, aho imyanda ikusanyirizwa n’aho isukurirwa.

Leta igomba kandi 4° gushyiraho ingamba zo kurinda no gukoma imbuga zikikije amariba avomerwaho amazi anyobwa; 5° kugaragaza uduce dukomye mu rwego rwo kurinda, kubungabunga cyangwa gusana ibikorwa by’amazi n’ubwiza bwayo, inkombe n’inkuka, inzuzi, imigezi, ibiyaga, ibibaya imibande n’ibishanga; 6° gushyiraho ingamba zihamye zo gucunga neza umutungo w’amazi, zita ku bwiza bw’isoko yayo kandi bukagena uburyo bwo kongera ingano y’amazi no kwirinda kuyasesagura.

Ingingo ya 42 igaragaza ibikorwa 16 byanduza amazi bibujijwe. Ibyo birimo 1° kumena imyanda yaba yumye itemba cyangwa gazi ihumanya mu mugezi, mu ruzi, mu gishanga, mu kidendezi, mu kiyaga no mu nkengero zabyo; 2° kwangiza ubwiza bw’amazi yaba ay’imusozi cyangwa ay’ikuzimu; 3° kumena, gutembesha cyangwa guhunika ibintu byose ahantu bishobora guteza cyangwa kongera ubuhumane bw’amazi; 4° kogereza amabuye y’agaciro mu migezi cyagwa mu biyaga; 5° gushyira igikorwa cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi mu ntera ya metero icumi (10 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’imigezi n’inzuzi no mu ntera ya metero mirongo itanu (50 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’ibiyaga; 6° kubaka ikiraro cy’amatungo, ibagiro, isoko ry’amatungo mu ntera ya metero mirongo itandatu (60 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’imigezi n’inzuzi no muri metero magana abiri (200 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’ibiyaga; 7° kubaka mu masoko y’amazi, imigezi, inzuzi n’ibiyaga no mu nkengero zabyo mu ntera ya metero icumi (10 m) uvuye ku migezi na metero mirongo itanu (50 m) uvuye ku biyaga;…

Iri tegeko riteganya kandi ihazabu yo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi iva ku mafaranga ibihumbi 10 y’u Rwanda kugeza kuri miliyoni 5. Ni ukuvuga kuva ku muntu wese wituma, wihagarika,[ …] n’undi mwanda ukomoka ku bantu ahantu hatabugenewe kugeza ku ukora kimwe mu bikorwa bibujijwe mu ngingo ya 42 yaryo.

KABERUKA Telesphore